APA

Constructivism

Comparison

Conclusion

Concept Map

~ Student or students may frequently work in small groups, not individually.

~ Learning process consists less of an emphasize on basic skills and more on a whole, big picture concept.

~ Students are encouraged to expand, branch out, investigate, and experiment.

~ Cooperative learning is highly encouraged with an emphasize on inquiry.

~ More usage of first hand information or original data (primary sources) instead of text books and work books.

~ Learners are permitted to develop their own learning styles.

~ Both allow for making choices and using informational content that is relevant to life's experiences.

~ Both utilize the involvement of portfolios, exhibitions, presentations, and observations to assess. Neither provides a single test result for comparative reasons.

~ In both areas of expertise, the learner is considered knowledgeable and skilled based on prior life experiences, not taught to, and not a blank slate.

~ Performance based and open ended.